Variations in Psychological Attribute
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Subject :- PYSCHOLOGY
Chapter :- 1
Class :- XII
Introduction
In this chapter we’ll get to know about:-
- Psychological attributes
- Methods used to asses the psychological attributes
- What is intelligence
- Gifted and mentally challenged individuals
- Different meaning of intelligence in different cultures
- Diffrence between intelligence and aptitude
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Individual differences in Human Functioning
Individual differences: refer to the distinctiveness and variations among people’s characteristics and behaviour pattern.
Individuals vary in their physical and psychological characteristics.
Variations add colour and beauty to nature.
Each one of us is unique. Explain how and why?
- Variability is a fact of nature and individuals are no exception to this.
- They vary in terms of physical characteristics; height, weight, strength, hair color, and so on.
- Also vary along psychological dimensions; dominant,submissive, outgoing or withdrawn.
- Different traits can exist in varying degrees in an individual.
Hence in this sense each one of us is unique as he or she exemplifies a typical combination of various traits.
Behaviour Is Influenced by...
- While many believe that behaviour is influenced by personal traits some others hold the view that behaviours are more influenced by Situational Factors.
- Situationism:- A principle that states situations and circumstances outside oneself have the power to influence the behaviour.
- It simply means that the situation in which an individual is placed influence the behaviour of the individual.
- The situationist perspective views human behaviour relatively more as a result of influence of external factors.
Assessment of Psychological Attributes
- In a layman’s language attributes are characteristics of an individual; it’s simply characters in the niche of psychology.
- Psychological attributes are involved in simple phenomenon like reaction time and also in highly global concepts like happiness.
- These are ★ not linear ★ not unidimensional ★ these are multidimensional.
- Assessment: Refers to the measurement of psychological attributes of individuals and their evaluation. It is done using multiple methods in terms odd certain standards of comparison.
- Any attributes will be said to be present in an individual when our can be measured using scientific procedures.
What is assessment? Why is it important to understand Psychological Attributes?
- Assessment is the first step in understanding q psychological attribute.
- It refers to the measurement of psychological attributes of individuals and their evaluation.
- It is done using multiple methods in terms of certain standard of comparison.
- Any attribute would be said to exist in a person only if it can be measured by using scientific procedures.
Assessment is of two types:
- Formal Assessment: ★objective ★standardised ★ organised.
- Informal Assessment: ★varies from case to case ★varies from assessor to assessor ★therefore open to subjective interpretation.
- Psychologists are trained to make formal assessment!
The attributes chosen for assessment depends upon our purpose. Explain.
- The attribute chosen depends on what we want to asses and predict and what is our purpose of study.
- If we may want a weak student to perform well we may asses his/her intellectual strength and weakness.
- If one is not able to adjust with family members or the neighborhood we may asses his / her personality characteristics
- For a poorly motivated person we may asses his interest and preferences.
- Psychological assessment uses systematic testing procedures to evaluate abilities, behaviours, and personal qualities of individuals.